Disinformation has long been recognized as a significant threat to freedom and democracy worldwide. Addressing this complex issue requires coordinated efforts among three key players: technology companies, civil society and fact-checkers, and academic institutions. In the digital age, online platforms have become prominent sources of news as people access information differently.
Notably, the creation of a Rapid Alert System (RAS) in March 2019 is a significant aspect of the Action Plan. The RAS comprises national contact points to swiftly warn of disinformation campaigns and facilitate information exchange between Member States and the Union. It promotes close coordination, enabling effective monitoring of networks to detect disinformation campaigns and devise common responses when necessary.
In the realm of online news consumption, different sources play a crucial role. While 36% of respondents rely on news organization websites or apps, 35% access news through social media, which can include posts from news organizations or friends’ commentaries. Search engines and news organizations emails, texts, or alerts are also among the sources utilized.
The issue of media accuracy is a topic of concern, with only 14% of Republicans believing that media outlets report news accurately, compared to 62% of Democrats. Disinformation campaigns have had a widespread impact, with Facebook estimating that approximately 126 million of its users were exposed to articles and posts propagated by Russian sources.
Governments play a major part in combating disinformation and fake news. Encouraging independent and professional journalism is vital to maintaining a healthy Fourth Estate independent of public authorities. Governments should avoid crackdowns on the news media’s ability to cover events, as such actions restrict freedom of expression and hamper journalists’ ability to report on political developments.
Censoring content and holding online platforms liable for misinformation should be approached with caution, as it could stifle free expression and lead to hesitancy in sharing political opinions due to fear of censorship. Instead, promoting “public interest algorithms,” as suggested by former FCC Commissioner Tom Wheeler, can aid in identifying and publicizing fake news posts, serving as a valuable tool to protect consumers.
In the ongoing battle against disinformation and fake news, collaboration among technology companies, civil society, academic institutions, and governments is essential. By adopting measures that safeguard free expression, encourage professional journalism, and employ innovative technologies, we can better protect the integrity of information and ensure a more informed society.
