With 5G networks, operational technology (OT) environments will experience faster data transfer rates and lower latency. However, the deployment of 5G also brings forth new cybersecurity challenges and vulnerabilities.
The Network Equipment Security Assurance Scheme (NESAS) emphasizes the implementation of solid safety measures at the application layer of mobile network products. However, there remains a need to address the security aspects of the hosting environment. Leveraging operational security assurance as defined by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) can provide confidence that the security controls operate as expected in a multi-layer virtualized environment like Network Function Virtualization (NFV).
The architecture of 5G networks builds upon the capabilities of NFV to automatically scale resources and workloads based on load and performance requirements. However, the installation and deployment of 5G networks pose challenges. The need for additional transmitters to cover the same area as current 4G networks, coupled with physical constraints like protected historical sites or rough geography, makes the process complex and time-consuming.
When it comes to 5G and Operational Technology Security, several concerns arise. The decentralized nature of 5G networks with numerous traffic routing points poses challenges in monitoring and securing the entire network. The expanded bandwidth of 5G networks strains existing security monitoring capabilities. The proliferation of IoT devices, often manufactured with inadequate security measures leaves billions of devices susceptible to breaches. Furthermore, the lack of encryption during the initial connection process exposes device information that can be exploited for targeted IoT attacks.
The vulnerabilities associated with 5G networks give rise to a range of cyber threats, including botnet attacks, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, man-in-the-middle (MiTM) attacks, and potential location tracking and call interception. The transition from centralized, hardware-based switching to distributed, software-defined digital routing in 5G networks introduces additional avenues for cyberattacks.
Regulatory bodies like the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) face hurdles in rulemaking activity, which can slow down the implementation of necessary security measures. Bad actors, motivated by personal gain, persistently seek ways to overcome security solutions. Additionally, industry stakeholders often hesitate to share internally identified risk factors, hindering the development of collective defense strategies.
As 5G networks continue to expand, it is crucial to prioritize robust cybersecurity measures that encompass secure product development, trusted operational environments, scalable security compliance mechanisms, and enhanced collaboration among stakeholders.
